DBMS Introduction
Database:
A database is an organized collection of data that is stored and managed on a computer system.
Databases are designed to make it easy to store, retrieve, and manage large amounts of data quickly and efficiently.A database typically consists of one or more tables. Each table contains information about a specific type of data, and the rows represent individual records or entries in that table.
Types Of Database:
Hierarchical Databases:- Developed in early 1960s.These are databases that organize data in a tree-like structure, with parent-child relationships.
Relational Databases:- Most Popular database and developed in 1970's.These are databases that store data in a tabular format, with rows and columns.
Non-Relational Databases:- Non-relational management systems are commonly referred to as NoSQL databases. This type of database matured due to increasingly complex modern web applications.
Object oriented databases:- These are databases that store data as objects rather than in a tabular format.
DBMS:
DBMS stands for Database Management System. A DBMS is a software system that allows users to manage and organize data in a database. It provides tools for creating, modifying, and querying databases, as well as for storing, retrieving, and manipulating data within them.
Features of DBMS:
Data Definition Language (DDL): A DDL is used to define the structure and organization of the database, including tables, columns, keys, and relationships.
Data Manipulation Language (DML): A DML is used to manipulate the data within the database, including inserting, updating, and deleting records.
Query Language: A query language, such as SQL, is used to retrieve data from the database based on specific criteria.
Data Integrity: A DBMS ensures the accuracy, consistency, and completeness of data by enforcing integrity constraints, such as primary key, foreign key, and unique constraints.
Security: A DBMS provides security features to protect data from unauthorized access, including user authentication and access control.
Backup and Recovery: A DBMS provides backup and recovery features to protect data against hardware failures, software errors, and other types of data loss.
Concurrency Control: A DBMS ensures that multiple users can access the database simultaneously without interfering with each other's work.
Scalability: A DBMS can handle large amounts of data and users, and can be scaled up or down as needed.
Performance Optimization: A DBMS optimizes performance by minimizing disk I/O, optimizing queries, and providing indexing and caching mechanisms.
RDBMS:
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It is a type of DBMS that stores data in tables with rows and columns.It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to access and manipulate the data. Data is stored in a structured manner with predefined relationships between tables. The relationships between tables are defined through primary keys, foreign keys, and other constraints.RDBMS is a more structured and efficient way of storing and retrieving data compared to a general-purpose DBMS.
RDBMS vs DBMS:
Data organization: RDBMS stores data in tables with well-defined relationships between them, whereas a DBMS stores data in a variety of ways, including tables, graphs, and documents.
Querying: RDBMS uses SQL for querying and manipulating data, whereas a DBMS uses different languages and APIs depending on the data model.
Schema: RDBMS has a predefined schema that specifies the structure of the data, whereas a DBMS can be schema-less or have a flexible schema.
Scalability: RDBMS is highly scalable due to its predefined relationships between tables, whereas a DBMS may not be as scalable depending on the data model.
ACID compliance: RDBMS is typically ACID-compliant, which means that data is consistent and accurate, and transactions are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. A DBMS may or may not be ACID-compliant, depending on the data model and implementation.
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